Development of the Self-doping Porous Carbon and Its Application in Supercapacitor Electrode

The massive discharge of biomass wastes not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, converting biomass wastes into carbon materials is an effective way to solve the above problems. Here, using biomass waste pig nails as raw materials and K₂CO₃ as chemical activators, the N-doped porous carbon(KPNC) is prepared by direct pyrolysis. As an electrode for supercapacitors, the electrochemical tests of KPNCs showed that they exhibited good electrochemical performance and excellent cycling stability. When the current density is 0.2 A/g, the specific capacitance is up to 344.6 F/g. Moreover, it still maintains 97.6% initial capacitance retention after 2000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A/g. Above exceptional electrochemical performances may be ascribed to an appropriate porous structure(S_micro/S_total=80.31%, V_micro/V_total=76.19%), high nitrogen contents(4.44%, atomic fraction), oxygen contents(9.13%, atomic fraction) as well as small internal resistance. The above experimental results show that the conversion of pig nails to porous carbon can reduce the waste of resources and alleviate environmental pollution.     

硫鸟嘌呤修饰的Mn:ZnS QDs磷光探针检测铂(Ⅲ)

通过水相合成法制备了硫鸟嘌呤(TG)修饰的锰掺杂硫化锌量子点(TG-Mn:ZnS QDs)。加入Pt⁴⁺后,Pt⁴⁺会与硫鸟嘌呤上的氮原子结合形成N-Pt⁴⁺配位结构附着在TG-Mn:ZnS QDs的表面,随着Pt⁴⁺浓度的增加,TG-Mn:ZnS QDs-Pt⁴⁺体系发生电子转移而导致磷光逐渐被猝灭,基于此构建了检测Pt⁴⁺的磷光探针。实验中考察了p H、时间对Pt⁴⁺猝灭TG-Mn:ZnS QDs磷光强度的影响。在最佳实验条件下,Pt⁴⁺浓度在0.06~2.4μg/mL范围内与TG-Mn:ZnS QDs的磷光强度呈良好的线性关系y=0.0884x+0.2319,R²=0.991,方法检出限(3σ/n)为1.3μg/mL。该磷光探针适用于实际样品中Pt⁴⁺含量的测定。     

DNA/银纳米簇在分析检测中的应用

银纳米簇(AgNCs)为几个到数十个原子所组成的聚集体,核尺寸小于2 nm,具有优异的物理化学性质,常以聚合物、蛋白质、DNA等作为模板采用化学合成法制备,其中以DNA为模板合成的AgNCs(DNA/AgNCs)是一种新型的发光纳米材料,其突出的荧光特性和良好的生物相容性,被应用于纳米传感器、细胞标记与检测等多种分析领域,引起广泛关注。本文针对近些年来DNA/AgNCs在重金属离子、有机小分子、核酸、蛋白质、细胞分析检测方面的最新应用进展以及面临的问题进行简要总结概括。     

Co-N-C体系催化α-芳香醇氨氧化直接制备α-芳香腈

以Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氢溴酸盐为前驱体,Vulcan XC72R为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载型Co-N-C催化剂,使用XRD、 XPS、 HRTEM等手段对其结构进行了表征.以α-芳香醇催化氨氧化合成α-芳香腈为考察对象,对其催化性能进行了评价.例如,在O_2压力为0.5 MPa,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为20 h的条件下,以Co-N-C/700为催化剂,NH_3(aq)为氨源,在催化苯甲醇合成苯甲腈反应中,苯甲醇转化率可达100%,产物苯甲腈选择性为100%.     

基于二苯甲酰酒石酸构筑的钴（Ⅱ）、镍（Ⅱ）配合物的合成、结构、荧光及磁性质

在室温条件下合成了2个配合物[Ni（DBTA）（DMF）（H₂O）₄]（1）和[Co（DBTA）（DMF）（H₂O）₄]（2）（D-H₂DBTA=D-（+）-二苯甲酰酒石酸,DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）,并通过元素分析、FT-IR光谱、X射线单晶及粉末衍射表征了2个配合物的结构。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,2个配合物同构,属于单斜晶系,P2₁空间群。配合物由配位键形成零维结构,再通过分子间氢键形成三维网状结构。荧光分析表明当激发波长为280 nm时,配合物1和2具有较强的荧光。尽管2个配合物同构,但表现出不同的磁性质：配合物1主要表现出Ni²⁺离子间弱的反铁磁相互作用,而配合物2则表现为Co²⁺离子的磁各向异性以及Co²⁺离子间强的反铁磁相互作用。     

Tailoring Pore Structure and Morphologies in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Xe/Kr Capture and Separation

As a rising star among porous solid materials, covalent organic frameworks(COFs) with excellent properties including but not limit to facilely controllable structure, high porosity, and multi-chemical functionality represent significant potential for efficient ¹²⁷Xe/⁸⁵Kr capture and separation. In this study, through tuning the length of the organic ligands, two-dimensional(2D) COF mate-rials with identical connection group but different pore properties, denoted as ATFG-COF and TpPa-COF with AA-stacking model and TpBD-COF with AB-stacking model were synthesized and tested for Kr and Xe adsorption for the first time. Adsorption measurements indicate that the narrower pore apertures and higher porosity are conducive for COF materials to capture Xe and Kr. Furthermore, the Henry's constant, isosteric heat of adsorption(Q_st), and ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) selectivity of ATFG-COF, the pore size of which is closest to the kinetic diameter of the Xe atom(0.41 nm) among 2D COF materials, were carried out based on the single component sorption isotherms. The results illustrate that the high isosteric heat values of Xe/Kr adsorption on ATFG-COF are 25 and 16 kJ/mol at room temperature, respectively. Henry's law predicts that the selectivity factor of Xe to Kr is 6.07, consistent with the adsorption selectivity(ca. 6) calculated based on the IAST.     

Electrospinning of Biomaterials for Vascular Regeneration

Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world recently. With the growing aging population accompanied by chronic diseases, such as uremia and diabetes, there is an increasing clinical demand for vascular grafts with proper performance. Although some achievements have been made in the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts composed of natural and synthetic polymeric materials or decellularized vessels, clinical applications with a diameter of less than 6 mm are still principally derived from autografts, such as autologous saphenous veins. Many challenges remain in anti-thrombosis, rapid endothelialization, modulating the inflammatory response and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia and calcification. In the review, recent progress in the electrospinning of biodegradable polymers for vascular regeneration are summarized, especially from the view of biomechanical factors. Hybrid vascular grafts consisting of natural and synthetic polymers with multicomponent, di-or tri-layers are focused in order to provide novel experiences in biomaterials for applications in this field.     

Advanced Nanomaterials for Multimodal Molecular Imaging

The development of multimodal molecular imaging contrast agents based on versatile nanomaterials has recently attracted much attention in disease diagnosis and therapeutic delivery. Contrast agents made from nanoparticles and used for multimodal imaging in vivo provide a multidimensional pathophysiological overview of diseases. This review summarizes recently developed advanced nanomaterials for multimodal molecular imaging. We comprehensively discuss these nanoparticle contrast agents in terms of their targeting modalities, limitations in clinical translation and future directions.     

中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂的可控氧化制备及性能

以钛粉、钽粉为原料,炭黑作为反应性模板,通过熔盐法在炭黑表面原位生长了TaTiC_2纳米碳化物涂层,并以所得TaTiC_2/C复合物为碳化物前驱体,再经可控氧化制备出中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)及N2物理吸附等手段对所制备的光催化剂进行形貌、显微结构及孔结构表征。以高压汞灯为紫外光源,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,通过光催化降解实验评价中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,熔盐法生长碳化物涂层厚度均匀(20~30 nm),碳化物主要以TaTiC_2晶相存在且具有纳米级的颗粒尺寸。中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂同时具有200 nm左右的中空大孔结构及壳层10 nm左右的介孔结构。中空大孔和介孔的存在提高了所制备催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力。此外,TiO_2与Ta2O5通过电子能带结构的耦合,有效提高了光生电子和空穴的分离效率,从而显著提高了光催化活性。nTi∶nTa=2.5∶1.5时,相应的中空Ta_2O_5/TiO_2复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性,对亚甲基蓝的紫外光催化降解率高达97%。